Lead Toxicity: Its Effects on Fetal and Infant Development Essay

continue Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant DevelopmentLead perniciousness has been an area of unending research in recent years. There grant been positive and negative correlations relating its toxic effects to both barbarian developmental deficiencies and adult regression problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will discuss various routes of entry of lead into the childs system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms employed by lead to cause the dysfunctions, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure. The development of a child begins in utero and continues chase birth thus both of these time frames must be examined as possible bounds of lead intoxication. During development, the fetus is at the mercy of its mother. If the mother has high store lead levels during pregnancy, the developing fetus will have the same. This is due to the need of a transplacental barrier to lead. Thus, the agnatic levels are consistently equal to foetal levels throughout pregnancy. The mode of transport is not clearly understood. However, it has been suggested that it is a subject of simple diffusion for several reasons (1). First, is the close quantitative human relationship between maternal and fetal blood lead levels. Second, is the experimentally modeled linear relationship between the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus and the umbilical blood merge rate. An increase in blood flow rate coupled with the change magnitude surface area of the placental barrier, 2 m2 to 11 m2, over the gestational period increases the transplacental diffusion (1). With this direct correlation in mind, it then becomes meaning(a) to discuss possible sources of increased mater... ...991 13 203-211. 4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991 41 479-84. 5. Dietrich, K. N. homo Fetal Lead Exposure Intrauterine Growth, Maturation, and Postnatal Neurobehavioral Development. Fundamental and employ Toxicology. 1991 16 17-19. 6. Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Sloman, J. Antecedents and Correlates of Improved Cognitive Performance in Children Exposed in Utero to starting time Levels of Lead. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 5-11. 7. Bhattacharya, A., Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., et.al. Lead Effects on postural Balance of Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 35-42. 8. Ernhart, C. B. and Greene, T. Low-Level Lead Exposure in the Prenatal and Early Preschool Periods Language Development. Archives of Environmental Health. 1990 45 342-354. Lead Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant Development EssayLead Toxicity Its Effects on Fetal and Infant DevelopmentLead toxicity has been an area of unending research in recent years. There have been positive and negative correlations relating its toxic effects to both child developmental deficiencies and adult regression problems. This review will focus on the problems associated with the children. It will discuss various routes of entry of lead into the childs system, both prenatally and postnatally, the mechanisms employed by lead to cause the dysfunctions, and some of the neurological deficits believed to be caused by the lead exposure. The development of a child begins in utero and continues following birth thus both of these time frames must be examined as possible periods of lead intoxication. During development, the fetus is at the mercy of its mother. If the mother has high blood lead levels during pregnancy, the developing fetus will have the same. This is due to the lack of a transplacental barrier to lead. Thus, the maternal levels are consistently equal to fetal levels throughout pregnancy. The mode of transport is not clearly understood. However, it has been suggested that it is a matter of simple diffusion for several reasons (1). First, is the close quantitative relationship between maternal a nd fetal blood lead levels. Second, is the experimentally modeled linear relationship between the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus and the umbilical blood flow rate. An increase in blood flow rate coupled with the increased surface area of the placental barrier, 2 m2 to 11 m2, over the gestational period increases the transplacental diffusion (1). With this direct correlation in mind, it then becomes important to discuss possible sources of increased mater... ...991 13 203-211. 4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991 41 479-84. 5. Dietrich, K. N. Human Fetal Lead Exposure Intrauterine Growth, Maturation, and Postnatal Neurobehavioral Development. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1991 16 17-19. 6. Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Sloman, J. Antecedents and Correlates of Improved Cognitive Performance in Children Exposed in Utero to Low Levels of Lead. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 5-11. 7. Bhattach arya, A., Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., et.al. Lead Effects on Postural Balance of Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1990 89 35-42. 8. Ernhart, C. B. and Greene, T. Low-Level Lead Exposure in the Prenatal and Early Preschool Periods Language Development. Archives of Environmental Health. 1990 45 342-354.