Agrarian Reforms in the Countries of Latin America

Agrarian Reforms in the Countries of Latin America The twentieth century was the time of numerous huge agrarian changes in the nations of Latin America. Regardless of the reality these changes were created so as to address the premiums of workers and landless rustic populace, as a rule the unmistakable consequences of these changes were not related with the social and monetary perspectives, yet mirrored the quirks of the political circumstance in the countries.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Agrarian Reforms in the Countries of Latin America explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, to have the chance to make certain decisions about the wonder of agrarian changes in Latin America, it is important to focus on its impossible to miss highlights. This paper will concentrate on the assessment of the positive and negative consequences of the agrarian changes for the rustic populace in the nations of Latin America on the grounds that each procedure or marvel consistently has different sides of i ts portrayal. Beneficial outcomes of Agrarian Reforms The time of agrarian changes began in Latin America with the Mexican transformation which was created toward the start of the twentieth century and stopped with the advancement of neoliberal strategies in the domains. Giving agrarian changes, governments were slanted to draw in the rustic masses and add to their political objectives. That is the reason the subject of the agrarian reforms’ beneficial outcomes for all the social classes is somewhat questionable. Poor people working class was not examined as the expected power for the advancement in the field of the countries’ economy and agribusiness. All the accents were made on the entrepreneur ranchers. Their action was associated with the pay conveyance. In this manner, the chances to put resources into agribusiness and to build up the land showcase showed up (Gwynne Kay, 2004, p. 233). Be that as it may, the circumstance changed with the time of neoliberal approa ches when the administrations started to emphasize the significance of privatization land charges. Hence, the focal points which were procured by the poor proletariat because of the agrarian changes were exceptional with the advantages which were accommodated the created entrepreneur ranchers. Negative Effects of Agrarian Reforms disregarding unequivocal positive moves in the circle of farming, most of the provincial populace isn't happy with the agrarian changes in light of the fact that the principle guarantees are not finished (Gwynne Kay, 2004, p. 235). Destitution and landlessness remain the principle issues for the rustic populace of the nations in Latin America. From the social point, the agrarian changes had not constructive outcomes on the adjustments in the circumstance of joblessness and neediness in the regions. From the financial point, numerous agrarian changes in the nations of Latin America can be considered as the reasons for the improvement of the further progressi vely compelling and even sensational changes which were the piece of the political context.Advertising Looking for paper on government? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Peasants stayed to be the most fragile class in the social framework which were likewise adversely impacted by the executed land naming tasks (Gwynne Kay, 2004, p. 233). In this way, the agrarian change in Cuba was firmly associated with the unrest and created in the political field. Also, numerous aftereffects of the changes were fairly startling for the governors and that is the reason are hard to be defeated adequately. The agrarian changes of the twentieth century in Latin America can be talked about from the purpose of their positive and negative impacts on the country populace of the nations. The constructive outcomes are associated with the improvement of the countries’ advertise, the difference in the situation as indicated by the worldwide mar ket, and the job of the industrialist ranchers. The negative impacts are related with the situation of the laborers and the circumstance of neediness of the country populace which are increasingly powerful from the social point. Reference Gwynne, R. N. Kay, C. (2004). Latin America changed: Globalization and advancement. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Free College Admissionss Law, Politics, and Essay Example For Students

Free College Admissionss: Law, Politics, and Essay Doubt College Admissions EssaysLaw, Politics, and Skepticism My late spring temporary job at United States Senator Connie Macks office, my ongoing volunteer endeavors for a neighborhood educational committee battle, and my past volunteer endeavors for a gubernatorial crusade are illustrative of my own advantages and long-run objectives. My future desire and objectives are proof of my inclinations in and appreciation for such subjects as law and governmental issues. While numerous individuals believe these subjects to be uninteresting, I am captivated by how these points influence our general public. In this way, it is my craving to examine political theory while in undergrad school and afterward proceed with my training by going to graduate school and procuring a degree in established law. At last, nonetheless, it is my longing to have a vocation in legislative issues. I genuinely accept that by being effectively associated with legislative issues, government and law, I will turn out to be better prepared to shield our Judeo-Christian confidence from current wariness and furthermore better ready to serve our country. Other random interests of mine incorporate games, especially crosscountry running and b-ball, dramatization, music, and perusing. Undoubtedly, I am deferential of others and their emotions, self-trained, chivalrous, thankful, and objective situated. Additionally, I genuinely have faith in the rules and good principles set out in the Scriptures and attempt to live as needs be, which I trust makes me a Godly guide to my companions. I wish to turn out to be considerably increasingly Christlike and develop to take care of business of certain honesty. My shortcomings incorporate trouble communicating my feelings and an inclination to be a little reluctant. I am truly inspired by Harvard because of its backing of customary qualities and standards whereupon our country was established. This is something that my family has drilled and ingrained in me in each part of my life, and I want to keep on getting this sort of initiative preparing and guidance. Instruction at Harvard will, I accept, set me up scholastically and ethically to have any kind of effect for God and our nation.

Evaluative Argument Essay Topics For Students

Evaluative Argument Essay Topics For StudentsEvaluation argument essay topics are very much important because they provide the students with the way to develop an individualized plan for their personal goals. The evaluation topics for each topic will provide a great way for students to experience a variety of topics that include most students' daily activities, job description, and other information.Evaluation argument essay topics are very essential because these topics provide the students with the way to express what they are expecting from their peers in terms of the essay that they are writing. These topics are also very much necessary because it allows the students to actually know what type of topics are presented on certain campuses, which often times may be among the most challenging types of assignments. It is crucial for students to really know what questions are asked in terms of the topic and then to write a highly concise yet comprehensive essay.There are various ways i n which these topics can be used by students, and each of these ways has its own advantages and disadvantages. Evaluative essay topics are extremely essential because they allow students to test their knowledge and capabilities, as well as their writing skills and the ability to clearly express themselves. Students who need extra help should try to focus on this type of writing assignment more so than other types because it will offer them the opportunity to work in the area of writing which they are best at.The evaluation argument essay topics will provide the students with an extensive amount of writing material for them to work with, but in order for the students to really succeed, they must focus on all of the tips and tricks involved in this type of writing task. The evaluation argument essay topics are imperative for the reason that students will have to really focus on the evaluation and the writing method they will use. The writing process will actually come down to the util ization of written content and the essay itself.It is crucial for students to really find out which essays will work best for them and how they can utilize the written content in the proper manner. These guidelines are crucial for the reason that there are always going to be challenges that all students will face when it comes to writing. Although there are a lot of things that students should know about writing, there are a lot of things that they should know that work together in tandem with writing.All of the evaluative argument essay topics will provide the students with a comprehensive look at various topics that are offered in the humanities. This is due to the fact that there are various levels of courses that can provide students with a great deal of information about various things that they may be interested in learning about. Some of the areas in which there is a lot of information are the history of the world, arts and crafts, and others.Students will want to make sure t hat they find a professor that they will enjoy working with and one that will keep up with the changing times in the arts and craft. In addition to this, students will want to take advantage of the various different versions of these topics, and they will want to also be able to work in the areas that are not taught in these levels. These are important for the reason that students will want to make sure that they are able to continue to be challenged and by getting these issues of the literature covered.The evaluation argument essay topics are highly essential for the reason that they allow students to continue to be challenged and by having access to a wide range of different topics that they may be interested in. These topics can really provide students with a great deal of information and options that they can explore. For students that do not know what to write about, it is necessary for them to find a professor that they enjoy working with and one that will allow them to expand on the topics they were given, in addition to covering other parts of the literature in order to fully understand the depth of these topics.

The Religion Of God And Muhammed - 960 Words

Many people in the world believe in something some people believe in god some believes god does not exist at all. Many different religions exist in world My religion is Muslim. I believe in god and Muhammed because that is what my religion teaches. However, I cannot really say that I am practicing my religion truly. My religion requires me to pray for five times a day and I have never done that. In fact, I do not even know how to do that. I am not proud of saying that but this is what I am. I am who I am because of my parent, because I have never saw them praying for five times a day for god and they did not teach me that. Just like me now, my parents say they are Muslims because we were born to be Muslims. I did not see my parents practicing the religion but I saw my grandparents on my mother’s side practicing religion. I think being Muslim requires the most work among all those religions because there are many things you have to do daily for the religion. For example, you ha ve to pray for five times a day and each takes about twenty minutes. The first one starts very early in the morning so you have to wake up very early even on the weekends. And before you start praying each time you have to clean yourself which is called wudu, ritual cleansing, and it takes some time too. Imagine doing that five times a day. Who has that much time? My grandparents have it and mostly you can see the older people practicing their religious more than younger Muslim population. I know myShow MoreRelatedDoes Islam Equate To Terrorism? Are Islamic Dominated Regions1402 Words   |  6 Pagesthought-provoking and rather exasperating questions are consciously and subconsciously asked by society. Though populated, the Islamic religion is somewhat foreign to most developed and western countries and has fewer people that identifies with the monotheistic group in these regions. This has therefore caused the need for western communities to better understand the doctrines of this religion. They have however been unsuccessful with this as there are a lot of hate crimes, discriminations, and prejudices thatRead MoreIslam By Vincent J O Malley929 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence. Here, article â€Å"Islam† by Vincent J O’Malley explains about what is Islam in real sense. According to O’Malley, connection between world second largest religion Islam and terrorism makes very different and negative scenario towards Islam religion in the world population. He explained Islam through different question related religion and philosophy in the article. He started with Muhammad’s life and his background with first question. According to O’Malley, Muhammad was born in 570 in the areaRead MoreCritical Thinking Assignment On Islam1488 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Thinking Assignment on Islam Islam is a monotheistic religion founded by Muhammed during the seventh century. Islam means â€Å" surrender.† (The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetic) To follow the teachings of Islam, one is called a Muslim. The book that was recited to Muhammed from the angel Gabriel is referred to as the Quran. Allah to a Muslim means God. As a Christian I must understand the worldview of Islam. In the understanding I hope to communicate the Christian faith by showingRead MoreThe Books of the Three Major Religions in Southwest Asia691 Words   |  3 PagesThree major religions have ties to Southwest Asia. All three of those religions also have ties to one city, Jerusalem. The three religions are Judaism, Christianity, and finally Islam. The people who practice Judaism are called Jews, the people who practice Christianity are called Christians, and the people who practice Islam are called Muslims. All of these religions are widely practiced in Southwest Asia. They all are alike in some ways and different. Judaism started in a desert in SouthwestRead MoreDispute Resolution And Religion Class793 Words   |  4 PagesShaima Alharbi Dispute Resolution and Religion Reflection Paper #4 â€Å"DR and Abrahamic Faiths In Dispute Resolution and Religion class, by Prof. Pownall, three presentations of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were presented each by a group of it’s believers. As every group had the opportunity to explain their faith and beliefs in their religion, I acknowledged that there are many resemblance between the three Abrahamic religions or at least in the point of â€Å"peacemaking†. In this paper, IRead MoreEssay on Differences About Jesus in Islam and Christianity743 Words   |  3 PagesDifferences About Jesus in Islam and Christianity First off, by way of clarification, in the Christian faith, Jesus is considered to be much more than a Prophet. The Christian belief is that He was and is the Son of God. Moreover, Christ is considered to be superior to the Old Testament prophets (Hebrews 1:1-14). Jesus then commissioned His apostles to preach His words and doctrines (Matt 28:19,20). As such, the writings of the apostles, as found in the New TestamentRead MoreThe Religions Of The Middle East934 Words   |  4 PagesAbrahamic religions, religions that derive from the biblical character Abraham, have three main religions in the group. The first, and oldest, is Judaism, founded several thousand years ago in the Middle East; then there is Christianity, the most popular religion in the world, which was founded shortly after the death of Christ; finally, there is Islam, the second most popular religion in the world, founded by the prophet Muhammed in the 7th century ACE. Islam has over one billion followers of theRead MoreIntroduction. Islam And Medieval Christianity Have Had1229 Words   |  5 Pagescontinuation of the line of the Prophets, while Christians consider Jesus as the Son of God who came to redeem the world from its fallen nature. These two religions are one two of the largest religions across the world and impact billions of people. Some individuals in both religions view each other as infidels and t he only recourse is to remove them from the society at large. The warring nature of these two Abrahamic religions allowed for them to develop in differing ways in Western and Eastern Europe. TheRead MoreDepiction Of Muhammad As Cartoon Characters1690 Words   |  7 Pagesthe magazine was because of a religious fundamentalism and the restrictions on freedom of speech (Duggan, 2015). Things picked back up in 2006 when the artists depicted a portrait of Muhammed (Duggan, 2015). In the Jyllands-Posten, a Danish Newspaper (Gibson, 2015), a Danish cartoonist named his artwork â€Å"Muhammed overwhelmed by fundamentalists† showed the religious leader crying and saying â€Å"it’s hard being loved by jerks†. Charlie Hebdo reprinted twelve of the scandalous cartoons that the DanishRead MoreEssay on The Origins and Importance of the Quran1128 Words   |  5 Pagesnight of power’, when Prophet Muhammed was 40 years old, while meditating in his usual place, Cave Hira on Jabal-al-Nur ( mountain of light), he suddenly saw an angel appear before him. This angel was angel Jibr’eel (Gabriel). ‘Read’ said the angel. As prophet Muhammed was illiterate, he replied ‘I am not a reader.’ The angel squeezed him tight and repeated ‘Read’, Prophet Muhammed gave the same reply. After a third time of squeezing Muhammed, the angel said, ‘Read in

Domestic Violence Violent Or Aggressive Behavior Within...

Domestic violence is the violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have been victims of physical violence by an intimate partner within their lifetime. Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, income, or other factors. Women and men can be victims of domestic violence. There are numerous types of abusive behavior at home, the explanation behind abusive behavior, the quantity of individuals that succumb to abusive behavior, and places you can go for help when you are being assaulted by your love one. On average, nearly 20 people per minute are physically abused by an intimate partner in the United States. During one year, this equates to more than 10 million women and men being a victim of domestic violence. There are five types of domestic violence are Physical, Sexual, Psychological, Emotional, and Economic. Physical, psychological and emotional violence is the most widely recognized types of domestic violence. Physical viciousness is perpetrating or endeavoring dispense physical damage and withholding access to assets important to look after wellbeing. Sexual misuse is pressuring or endeavoring to force any sexual contact without agree and Attempting to undermine the casualty sexuality. Mental misuse is imparting or endeavoring to ingrain fear and disengaging or endeavoring to disconnect casualty fromShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Rap Music On Social Behavior Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesIn society today, it is highly noticed that the role of rap music messages and video i mages of violence causes an increase in negative emotions, thoughts and behaviors which could lead to violence amongst youth. Rap music has been at the center of concern in regards to the potential harmful effect of violent media on social behavior amongst youth. This potential behavior could be seen in the music video titled â€Å"Kim† by Eminem. In this music video, the storyline, language and sound encourages hostileRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Problem And Its Setting854 Words   |  4 PagesSetting a) Statement of the problem Domestic violence is a violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Domestic violence is a serious epidemic that is taking place every second, every minute and every hour of the day. People assume domestic violence only effects women and children but it also effects men and the community as whole. This paper will not only inform the reader about domestic violence but also how to recognize the signsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emo tional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Theory Of Social Learning1404 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular type of behavior of a model catches our attention. Second, we store a mental image of such behavior in memory. Thirdly, a particular kind of situation leads us to convert that memorized behavior into action; And finally, if the behavior is reinforced, it becomes part of our repertoire†. (Bandura 1986) p.198). Thus, for example, observation of a child of an adult exhibiting aggressive behaviors may lead to repetition and subsequent incorporation of the same type of behavior. Models may varyRead MoreYouth Crime And Domestic Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Name: Institution: Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Introduction Youth Crime has increased in New Zealand and although the prosecution has decreased the issue has attracted the attention of the members of the public. According to data from the Ministry of Justice (2015) the numbers of children between the ages of ten to thirteen and young people between the ages of fourteen and sixteen who are charged in court is lowest in over two decades. NonethelessRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children3116 Words   |  13 PagesAbusive behaviors are a problem in families, not seen only through the eyes of adults but, their children as well which terms them as indirect victims. Individuals who are exposed to domestic violence as children often display the behavior issues which include violent aggressive behavior as adults (Gorman 2010). 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The second component of the journal article attemptsRead MoreChildren s Witnessing Of Adult Domestic Violence1449 Words   |  6 PagesChildren’s Witnessing of Adult Domestic Violence A Summary of the Literature Mia-Tiara Hall HDFM 2533 April 24, 2015 Prairie View AM University Children witnessing adult domestic violence can be traumatizing. It places them in a temporary mindset of confusion of what’s actually taking place. Children have the mindset that home is a safe haven and that â€Å"Mommy† and â€Å"Daddy† are their protectors, their heroes to some. So it becomes strange to them when they see their mother and father involvedRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence, also labeled as family violence and intimate-partner violence, is psychological, physical and sexual violence that takes place within home environment. Adults and children can both be victims. Domestic violence is a major human rights issue across the world, and one of New Zealand’s most serious social issues. One in three women in Aotearoa will experience an abusive relationship, with many more coming dangerously close. Reason Domestic violences occurs when the abuser wantingRead MoreDomestic Violence Affects Children s Development1687 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Thesis: Domestic violence can negatively affect children s development. (make more persuasive) Children all around the world witness domestic violence. Whether it s between parents, partners or even the elder. Does the parents, partners, or elder realize the affects that happen to their children? Witnessing domestic violence, children become fearful and anxious. They become this way because they never know when the next event may happen, fearing for themselves, mom or dad, and siblings

How Can A Group s Schema Or Personal Beliefs - 944 Words

For my Extended Essay, my research question is: â€Å"How can a group’s schema or personal beliefs in regards to racism and gun control, can affect the world that we live in today?† My knowledge question will be focus on schemas which flows in the psychology section. Schema is a plan that is in a form of outline, or in physiology terms, it’s a conception of what is common to all members of a class. For this essay my question will flow into a world studies paper which will contain the areas of Psychology and History. In order to do this topic, I will use the two subtopics that I have chosen which are, racism and gun control, and analyze them in regards towards schemas. From this, I am trying to figure out how does a group’s or a person’s†¦show more content†¦Schema is use in many studies for example: Barlett (1932) â€Å"War of the Ghost† study, Brewer and Treyens (1981) â€Å"picnic basket† study, Allport and Postman (1947) â €Å"Schema and constructive memory† study, and Rogoff and Wadell (1982) study. In Bartlett (1932) â€Å"War of the Ghost â€Å"study, Bartlett aimed to investigate the effect culture on memory. In his method, Bartlett had the participants read a folk tale, â€Å"The War of the Ghosts†. He tested their memory using serial and repeated reproduction, in which he asked them to recall it several times. Bartlett found that both of his methods had similar results. As the number of reproductions increased, the story became shorter and words were changed. In the Brewer and Treyens (1981) â€Å"picnic basket† study, they were trying to see whether if schema of an office would affect memory. For this, the participants were sent into an office and left for 35 seconds before taken into another room to see if they can remember things from the office they were in earlier. The result was that the participants recalled things of a typical office according to their mind, so the participants’ schema of an office influenced their memory. In the Allport and Postman (1947) â€Å"Schemas and constructive memory† study, they were seeing if schemas can affect recall. For the methods, white and black people were used in this study. White participants were shown a picture of a well-dressed black man and a white man holding a cut throat

Construct a Markov Partition

Question: Construct a markov partition and describe the corresponding topological markov chain for automorphism? Answer: Simulation For estimating the price of Asian call option with given strike rate and standard deviations underlying instrument, we use the Monte Carlo simulation method by using the random functions for normal distribution in excel. We take a 200 random numbers with given specifications for simulation purpose. Then by using these simulated numbers, we estimate the price of the Asian call option with given strike rate. instrument 1 instrument 2 instrument 3 219.6759823 220.3476323 220.0348725 219.7255789 219.7624927 220.7143208 219.4773936 219.4980823 220.4666459 219.8581157 219.5165657 219.2242257 220.1962253 219.708898 219.9518975 220.2868262 219.9234449 219.9508279 220.2766364 219.9458286 219.8267615 219.9708214 219.4508302 220.1464849 219.9306978 220.5013692 220.159755 220.1590732 219.9114758 220.1643714 220.0420828 220.2206935 219.6581097 220.2608781 219.7039949 219.1097496 219.9926363 219.4540716 220.6610211 219.8290087 219.4183069 219.7421016 220.0819981 220.4578343 219.9886655 219.9609818 219.2870695 219.7988025 219.9515186 220.1718751 219.966784 219.540321 220.251472 219.78257 220.4601873 220.4800228 219.9289866 219.9037041 219.8332365 219.62744 219.6491746 219.4413059 220.7097334 220.0333014 219.8941446 219.6555612 220.2073069 219.5378577 220.0389047 219.828482 220.4214118 220.1605514 219.7448684 219.4548931 220.6715438 219.9962186 220.410458 219.5631826 219.8223384 219.4141171 220.0306114 220.3813229 219.7503908 220.1717472 220.1342914 219.2974446 219.8868208 219.7925281 220.1325973 219.4488496 220.132983 220.4837909 220.058267 219.7525645 220.3380862 219.9341147 220.3707966 219.6398843 220.0947497 220.3609236 219.9401959 219.8653875 219.8255952 219.3846444 219.8529731 220.3322742 219.7462076 219.8438515 220.3502631 220.0889165 219.7006359 220.0362713 219.8952899 220.8644589 219.7496242 220.1525187 220.2298881 220.199915 220.0676812 220.0206072 220.0802356 220.0650125 219.8055444 219.9732807 220.0154734 220.1724796 219.8486792 219.2759603 219.7805928 219.8551537 220.3439212 220.0667336 220.2566473 220.3407275 220.6064973 220.1513768 220.0113649 219.4236115 220.3063259 220.0255056 219.5471213 220.356405 219.6662283 219.2540364 220.0437007 219.6918098 220.1148673 220.2579561 220.6695475 220.6153238 220.1261044 220.3220561 219.6955169 219.7875004 219.6775519 219.8262311 220.064504 220.210529 220.1707127 220.2515457 220.4433503 220.0745211 220.0986823 219.7215484 220.4460815 220.0308126 219.2283592 220.3547046 219.716683 219.782445 220.8719973 220.2092903 219.0339869 220.1870459 220.4281469 220.3126537 220.2275039 219.9053724 219.5213329 220.1250215 219.9693307 220.2083724 219.8168196 219.5111802 219.8184427 219.6840484 219.8459518 219.3002537 219.1131503 219.5239016 220.3255319 219.7490945 220.5209132 219.950522 219.9306914 219.9046608 219.8288484 219.985071 220.5345462 220.2924032 220.2354162 220.0346335 220.0021282 219.5683791 220.036092 220.5139235 219.8286575 220.1999547 220.3889749 219.7374238 219.7882324 219.9798193 220.4802807 219.727214 220.1744327 219.5974634 219.8383489 219.169994 219.5041335 219.7387181 219.6708979 220.3115551 220.1252086 220.1138931 219.912044 220.4526116 220.4496695 219.9776338 220.0741817 219.9892431 220.4916401 219.6769948 221.0225494 219.5005126 219.8402762 219.3763284 219.2982516 219.9372351 219.9743381 220.2006257 219.7185811 220.1237016 220.1287836 219.935223 219.7749557 220.133222 219.9596727 220.2292327 220.3116498 219.986285 219.6295471 219.6364816 219.8929681 219.4438116 220.2617748 219.7208348 219.3962335 220.8055977 219.6677682 220.1575332 219.5140583 219.3156756 221.0394616 219.8017246 219.8286505 219.876375 220.0799558 220.2474295 220.4632982 219.2983037 219.7090406 219.9547908 219.9817256 219.7977278 219.9382466 219.9281086 219.6758443 220.3681428 220.3276993 220.2228261 219.5766722 219.9593118 220.1414341 219.9965541 219.7774483 219.7166309 219.9731245 219.9823645 219.7694112 219.5014914 220.0077505 219.9605445 219.532974 219.8069067 220.1838623 220.8909463 219.7691663 220.1952824 219.5092011 219.8992066 219.8592071 219.1884156 220.4345214 219.944232 220.373977 220.0872288 220.2841343 220.0263149 220.1019688 219.9869165 219.0532492 220.1707932 219.8189205 220.64922 219.4404165 219.7919844 219.6670013 220.1344606 220.1237922 221.1360877 220.2706761 219.9819161 219.7515156 219.730967 219.9075277 220.6166012 220.2907204 219.6129569 219.9738904 219.3386466 220.2038409 220.4066947 219.7554912 220.1769617 220.186065 221.078883 219.4497774 219.8335289 220.191939 220.2238865 219.8751315 219.9903659 219.7439641 220.440786 220.5898368 219.9444885 219.6456994 219.4660102 220.229026 219.9620206 219.5433481 220.4495972 220.9126558 219.9637287 220.3414451 219.8272647 220.3355427 219.8286601 219.361957 219.8511305 219.5539638 219.5354062 220.0679669 219.7727714 220.1038705 220.2303306 219.6071678 219.3829337 220.4928661 220.2375566 220.0487324 219.8721794 219.939299 220.7737609 220.1668807 219.9008935 219.9562147 219.8019351 219.8073143 219.9326782 220.4641441 219.942942 219.7575201 219.9487601 219.9549847 219.7680197 220.7358732 220.4239228 220.402389 220.1567141 219.6648885 220.0591567 219.8782293 219.9716924 219.954955 220.0051958 220.3301997 219.3734576 219.433781 220.0408386 220.853698 220.2965764 220.3105906 219.8005166 219.4901768 219.6584436 220.2871526 220.3574407 219.7338247 220.0575209 220.2014239 219.89514 219.8792162 220.0573184 220.0178085 220.4667456 220.1377866 219.3715132 218.9782529 220.4253703 219.6958135 219.2795435 220.0786742 220.4066426 219.4738147 219.4851421 220.3568374 220.7804155 219.7979907 219.7953747 220.8827599 220.4813848 219.6922429 219.6756811 220.3224511 219.4385623 220.1414971 220.6978939 219.8637055 219.1070822 219.5899297 220.5275532 219.605556 219.9686236 220.0701396 220.8020142 219.9368261 220.0361077 220.2396975 220.5133526 219.7111722 220.0571003 219.5154993 220.0408412 221.0678195 220.2067349 219.7824925 220.2337419 219.5051906 220.1794207 220.1934546 219.7305986 220.3444864 219.4099728 220.5264553 220.2783369 220.2843821 220.3161119 220.3500132 219.7941849 220.293295 220.5088353 219.9206156 220.9304619 219.9336171 220.1212744 219.538694 220.4234496 219.9858994 220.4206608 219.9446966 219.5243146 220.4049411 219.7706244 220.6008121 220.2334007 220.0369687 219.3086969 220.1993059 219.6772484 219.4304837 220.2249294 219.7844896 219.7347655 219.3967025 220.0790198 219.8529926 220.2428666 219.8494491 219.4586982 219.6723133 219.858517 219.8918824 219.6670754 220.122231 219.4074382 219.6801805 219.7851938 220.3789868 219.9530757 220.37798 219.5799584 219.7179697 220.1662784 220.6114598 219.952456 220.6423368 220.3429799 219.83696 219.9228754 219.7786691 219.6294396 219.8571675 220.215004 220.2129776 219.9807262 219.9481035 220.0790002 220.0096913 220.2468746 220.2241346 219.9400602 219.353437 219.970067 219.6195795 219.4129248 220.8182978 220.3304116 219.9750328 219.5768611 220.1461334 219.7945317 220.1952682 220.2734598 220.3394934 219.9135204 219.8260698 219.9394369 220.3463924 220.395148 219.4088175 219.9303964 219.7698845 219.378215 219.8339588 220.0419733 220.0786018 219.593613 219.6564521 219.639398 219.5551214 219.884718 219.5747772 219.5026826 219.7720738 218.5308975 220.6183647 219.552332 220.2686192 219.7453633 219.8801149 219.8628771 220.0044759 219.9527655 220.3189091 219.7258036 219.8243177 220.2562392 220.3010169 220.2549908 220.2460441 220.1371717 219.7149642 219.8408353 219.9901618 220.5304945 219.9366251 219.5468179 220.0856559 219.3090742 220.0738911 219.9488241 219.376169 220.0728481 219.7806877 220.0460774 220.0475743 219.9623219 219.9283733 220.1809847

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Essay on Jail population

Essay on Jail population Essay on Jail population Essay on Jail populationNowadays, there can be observed rapid growth of the jail population. There are many factors that influence the increase of jail population in modern days. The following research paper gives a brief insight into the situation around jail population and all the corresponding issues related to this matter. The research provides an analysis of what kind of people usually get imprisoned offering the latest data on this matter. The following research observes several categories of the jail population that are more likely to be seen incarcerated. It also provides information on the management issues, challenges and complications related to the question under discussion.The Insight into the Jail PopulationJails are known to be complex structures that experience rapid population growth. Jails hold people the cases of whom have not been adjudicated yet and the convicted people as well. Some of the convicted people may be sentenced to serve some term in a jail, while oth ers are still awaiting the completion of their reports. There are various kinds of offences that distinguish the differences among people who serve their jail term. Thus, some of them may be convicted of a misdemeanor, while others may be convicted of some sort of felony. There are various reasons for people to get imprisoned depending on the peculiarities of the crimes committed. However, it needs to be mentioned that average jail stays for some sort of trivial offenses are measured in a short period of time causing quick jail population turnover (Cunniff 5). The peculiarities of convicts and their crimes will be discussed below.Management IssuesA knowledge base explaining the peculiarities of a jail population and its growth or decrease is a prerequisite for evaluating future jail needs and various management issues related to them. The government elects officials that may help in generating the requirement for this kind of information as well as organizing the support processes f or collecting such information. All this will foster the criminal justice system for evaluating the data in the presence of criminal justice leaders (Cunniff 11). A great number of local justice authorities have computerized bases containing data about the jail population, so that the information on the individuals kept in jail can be easily obtained. An issue here is to create such a computer program that would extract the specific data for a certain period of time. This is the task that should be carried out not only by the computer programmers, but also the authorities of the criminal justice system. Data on jail populations should involve several different time periods and should be sufficient for fulfilling the information requirements.Who is Held in a Jail?According to the available data, the drug offenses, majorly drug possession are the major factors of adult arrests. Thus, those trading or using drugs are more likely to end up in jail in modern days as it is well known that drug abuse causes the increase of criminal activity in the state or even the whole country. Secondly, young adults aged from 18 to 35 years old are under a much higher risk of being imprisoned and sentenced to a jail term in comparison with other categories of the population. Although the quantity of young criminals has recently decreased, the population is likely to exhibit steady growth in the nearest future (Cunniff 25). Here, it needs to be said that the perception of the jail population is affected by the media that tends to give more preference to violent and heavy crimes. Thus, according to the media, jail holds dangerous criminals. Nevertheless, this category of criminals does not comprise the majority of jail population. A recent survey has shown that among the criminals who are likely to be imprisoned, there can be named those who commit rapes or other sexual offenses and various gangs that have been involved in violent actions against the public.The Management Challenges and ComplicationsThe above mentioned categories of jail population comprise those who are more likely to be held in jail than any other people involved in some sort of criminal activity. These kinds of criminals evolve many challenges and complications faced by the criminal justice management. If nothing is done in the nearest future, the dynamics of the jail population can become a major threat and challenge of the authorities (Gilmore 15). Changes in the resident population can also affect the jail population, but changes in the criminal justice system can have an even greater impact on the jail management activity. Here, proper decision making should be applied so as to deal with the problems related to jail population. The appropriate measures should be applied to all of the categories of criminals that comprise the major part of jail population.SummaryIn conclusion, the paper has observed the categories of criminals that are most likely to be held in jail as well as the challe nges faced by the government and criminal justice authorities in this regard. It needs to be concluded that no matter what kind of crimes are the most frequently committed ones, the major challenge faced by the criminal justice system of today is the rapid growth of the jail population. All of the complications related to adults’ crimes should be dealt with as quickly as possible to prevent further increase of jail population.

Good Faith Evidence Rule in reversal of a high profile rape cases in Research Paper

Good Faith Evidence Rule in reversal of a high profile rape cases in 2010 in state of virginia - Research Paper Example There was a young woman, who was dressed in black attire and had long blond hair; she stood on the railroad bridge extending her thumb gesturing for a ride. The unfortunate fact was that this was the last moment the father and daughter saw Morgan Dana Harrington alive. (Siegel, 2011) It is now one year since the remains of the Virginia education tech student (who was 20 years of age upon her death) was discovered. With no suspects identified, the police have made enquiries to the public hoping that there might individuals who may assist with the investigation. The questions still remain unanswered as to how Morgan’s body was discovered in a cow pasture 10 miles from where she was last seen, and whether there is a stalker still roaming the streets of Charlottesville and Albemarle county. While retracing the steps of Morgan, the Virginia State Police Special Agent Dino Cappuzzo disclosed the story of the daughter and father, who allowed the police to determine the time that Morgan was possibly abducted. The father stated that, on his way back from dropping his daughter at the dormitory, he stopped at the convenience store on Ivy Road, which was at 9.30 pm based on time on his receipt. On his return to the bridge after 7-11 minutes, Morgan was gone. Two other witnesses confirmed that they had seen a blond woman hitchhiking in the same area. Cappuzzo stated that the witnesses’ stories had been completely vetted by the police. However, none was considered suspects. The descriptions provided by the witnesses were new information released to public on the 25th of January 2011, which was a day prior to the anniversary of the discovery of the body. It was the first piece of information that was obtained by the police department since last summer, when police confirmed the DNA obtained from the Harrington case is related or linked to a rape case that took place in 2005, in Fairfax. The victim in that case survived

Development of Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Development of Christianity - Essay Example The fourth part examines vibrant churches that declined while the fifth tackles churches in Moscow. Part six explains the dismember ship of Western Christianity with the current part portraying protestant as emerging as a result of views different from Latin Christianity rather than reforming impulses. To begin with Christianity development, MacCulloch presents Christianity development as a messy political affair shooting up through the moments of human acceptance and apprehension of God through the message of Christ Jesus. This representation occurs when writing a clear discussion on the development of Chalcedonian and Nicene in the fourth and fifth centuries resulting in Dyophysite and miaphysite camps which could give rise to any creedal Christian pause. Thus, Christianity history development presented not having a triumphalist stance. The writer in the first part plainly and loudly contextualizes the Christianity within Hellenistic and Jewish worlds. MacCulloch moves with the history of Christianity in connection to the Jews up to the New Testament and links the Jews to Jesus and the New Testament. The writer elevates Jesus above other Jews by asserting the uniqueness in Jesus calling God Abba (MacCulloch, 2010, p.81). Then proceeds to discuss a meeting arranged at Yavneh by a number of rabbis after the fall of Jerusalem. The assertion by MacCulloch remains that the meeting by rabbis saw the founding of rabbinic Judaism as an event of historiographical fiction arising in the late antiquity (MacCulloch, 2010, p.107). Similarly, (Mangina, 2010, p. 22) explains Christianity and the doctrine of faith until the conclusion that the Apocalypse concerns the God of the gospel who is the Father, Son and Holy Spirit who seeks to transform life to predictable comfortable ways. In the discussion, the author digs deeply into the development of Christianity but  fails to conclude many chapters and leaves the readers with instruction to do further research and reading. This implies lack of full knowledge by the author.

Digital Tools Used In Gojira And Godzilla Film Studies Essay

Digital Tools Used In Gojira And Godzilla Film Studies Essay Humans have been around for thousands of years. Today, many movies have been created based on stories and legends of influential people and life-changing events that were recorded in history. Inspiration for the 1954 film Gojira came about as a result of World War Two during the twentieth century. The devastation brought on Japan by the two nuclear bombs had inevitably raised a wide spread awareness about nuclear weapons and its radioactive destruction (Ragone 2007). Both, Gojiras and Godzillas creation were linked to the nuclear bomb. With reference to the 1998 film Godzilla, it can be seen that the creation of the terrible lizard was linked to French nuclear weapons testing in the French Polynesia. Similarly in the Japanese context, Gojira was shown to be linked not only to the atomic bombs, but the hydrogen ones as well. With the devastation of the two atomic bombs still fresh in the Japanese minds, further H-bomb tests were carried out near Japan and eventually, the radiation fallout directly impacted on the Japanese fishing industry, causing a sharp decline. With all these tragic events occurring within a short span of time, Gojira was concocted out as an incarnation of the war itself (Ragone 2007 pg. 35) as the producers wanted a real-world scenario that reflected the Japanese concerns that time. In order to effectively protray the nature of destruction caused in the films Gojira and Godzilla, visual effects became increasingly important as it was necessary to provide an acceptable level of realism for audiences who will be watching the film. Therefore, this led to the development and creation of different visual effect techniques. Then with the advancements in technology, some older techniques were modified and re-developed accordingly. In this investigation, it will bring to light the common, yet contrasting comparisons of filmmaking between the analogue and digital eras. 2| Scene Selection | I will be comparing two parallel special effects sequences in both Gojira and Godzilla. A breakdown of this complex scene will be accompanied with a description of its technical aspects in laymans terms. The scenes involve the two animals going on a rampage through a major city at night causing massive damages. It also includes military forces trying to eliminate the creature. These two scenes were specifically chosen as I will like to highlight the core visual effects elements that can be found throughout the films. 3| The Character| It was called Gojira, but was later known as Godzilla for the American audiences. (Godzilla, King of the Monsters 1998) In the 1954 Gojira, visual effects director Eiji Tsuburaya pioneered a technique called Suit-mation. The main reason for the introduction of Suit-mation was because of the need to complete the job within a short timespan (Ragone 2007). If stop-motion technique was used, it would have taken them seven years to complete the film. The suit was constructed mainly from hand-stirred latex and then refined subsequently. Even after refinements, the suit could only be worn for several minutes due to the unbearable heat and almost non-existent ventilation within. Due to its flexibility limitations and tremendous weight, the first suit was scrapped as the actor inside could not even move. In certain scenes where only the legs of Gojira were filmed, the suit was cut into two and attached to suspenders, allowing the actor to be more comfortable while filming (Godzilla, Designing Godzilla featurette 2005). Figure |Man in halved Gojira suit Development on analogue visual effect techniques can be seen clearly in the 1998 Godzilla, when Tsuburayas technique of Suitmation was used. Trained professional puppeteers were hired for shots that needed more physical realism with the miniatures that they were interacting with. Eventually, the Godzilla suit would be replaced with a CG Godzilla. Animatronics, a technique similar to the Suitmation technique, was introduced. In this case, instead of Human actors in the creatures costumes, machines were used to replace them. This method allowed many close-up interaction shots which enabled a high level of realism (Aberly 1998). The suit was not entirely presented as a guy-in-a-suit. Primitive visual effects were added to give Gojira a scarier feel. In the shot where Gojira was tearing up Tokyo and boasting its bright flashing hind fins, hundreds of cells were hand drawn frame by frame (Ryfle 1998). In several shots where Gojira was using its atomic breath, the creature was actually a hand puppet (Godzilla 2005). With much use for puppetry and animatronics, computer generated graphics still triumphed as the best tool for visual effects in the digital era. In addition, with the developments of computer animation software and techniques, realism took to a new height. Puppeteers whom took the role of Gojira would soon be replaced with computer animators sitting behind the desk. While the actor in the Gojira suit was acting for the scene, he would be filmed using a high speed camera at around 240 frames-per-second. The film would then be projected at 24 frames-per-second giving the feel of weight and size (Faller 2010). Using modern day tools to make Godzilla (1998) move, instead of shooting a guy-in-a-suit at a high frame rate, Centropolis FX had Godzilla key-frame animated in the computer. Due to the difficulty of animating such a huge creature, the team of animators grew from twelve to sixty (Martin 1998). Subsequently, After many failed attempts of animating a proper walk cycle, the team managed to get the same feel of the high speed camera shots by animating Godzillas movement at a slower speed (Martin 1998). From using chicken wires and glued latex for the construction of the 1954 Gojira (Designing Godzilla featurette 2005), polygons and NURBS took over in the digital era. The Gojira suit was made by wrapping thin wires and bamboo with chicken wire. Cushions and fabric were also added for the actors comfort. Hand stirred latex was later applied onto the suit as skin (Designing Godzilla featurette 2005). Even though CGI was of an advanced technology, there were still setbacks. Modelers had to split up their work of digitizing the entire creature by manually using a stylus to draw out every single mesh into the computer. Furthermore, the software was not perfect and had its limitations. A Special Projects team was sent from Soft Image to trouble-shoot problems encountered by the CGI crew (Aberly 1998). Ideally, Gojira was thought to have suffered burns and scars from the H-bomb test. The textures and the suit of Gojira were hand crafted by two people. Tireless hours were spent modeling the skin bumps by using latex and then gluing it onto the skin (Godzilla, Designing Godzilla featurette 2005). However in the modern day Godzilla, there was the technology of displacement mapping whereby the 3D geometry of Godzilla would be displaced using a texture map that contained details of the skin. With the model rendered out in different passes (Martin 1998), the process was more effective and also gave compositors more freedom in manipulating the image to create a realistic Godzilla. 4| The Set | As the two Godzillas enter the city and begin their trail of destruction, the set they were on had to look real. Although both movies used miniatures for filming, this special effects technique was inevitably developed and refined extensively due to technological advancements. 4.1| Miniatures | Miniatures for Gojira (1954) were made for use as a city scape. Tsuburaya had the miniatures built mostly in the 1/25 scale, with the exception of the Diet building which was a 1/33 scale (Ragone 2007). With reference to the scale of the Gojira suit with the miniature set scale, it created an illusion of Gojiras large size. Buildings were made in a forced perspective method where buildings closer to the camera were built bigger and those at the horizon smaller. The sets were actually built on wooden platforms to allow cameramen to do low angle shots, making the buildings look even bigger (Ryfle 1998). Thin plaster and wood were used for the buildings framework. Elaborate planning of the citys construction included custom made streets that would create footprints when being stepped on. Plaster was poured over sawdust to create that effect (Ryfle 1998). Digital techniques such as CG effects animation helped the 1998 Godzilla in creating street cracks. With the help of Thomas Hollier, a senior technical director, street impact technology was created. This allowed a pipeline for a more effective way for animating pavements that would crack under Godzillas weight (Martin 1998). Miniatures were also widely used in the making of Godzilla (1998). Huge 1/24 size models were built to accommodate Godzillas path of destruction. Huge 1/10 models were also built for close-up shots. The buildings were much more detailed with some featuring plumbing and even desks. There were several miniature buildings that were reused from The Hudsucker Proxy and The Fifth Element. With this, a great amount of production time was saved as redesigning of the rest of the set was no longer required. Although both Godzilla movies incorporated miniatures, Godzilla (1998) added extensive digital compositing over its miniatures to give it more realism (Martin 1998). Techniques adopted for destroying the miniature buildings were much more sophisticated in the newer film. In the 1954 version, kerosene soaked rags were used to set the miniatures ablaze (Ragone 2007). For those that were to be destroyed by Gojiras fiery breath, explosives were set behind the buildings. Several buildings even had gasoline sprayed on them to make them burn more easily. For buildings that were supposed to be destroyed by physical contact, small cracks were made in those miniatures so that it would crumble in a more believable fashion when Gojira crushed it. It was a daunting task for the actor inside as he had to get it right on the first take as there was not enough budget and time for a rebuild (Ryfle 1998). In 1998, there were more types of pyrotechniques available and one such example would be the military type. Different methods were developed to be used on the different types of destruction. As Godzilla races through the city with its tail in free motion causing damages to buildings, cable pulls were attached to sandbags in the buildings interiors. When they were pulled, a trail of damage would occur as if Godzillas tail had swept through them. Mechanical rigs were also used to blast through a building with the CG Godzilla to be composited in later. The Chrysler Building in the scene which was destroyed by a misfire from the attack helicopters were very complex mechanical rigs. Right after the top floors exploded, it was orchestrated to shift and descend towards the camera (Aberly 1998). On the whole, miniature destruction could be choreographed with more control. Miniature vehicles were also used on the set for both films. The military elements used in the Gojira scene were tanks. Extensive pyrotechnical effects were used for the firing of the tank weapons. When the tank shells hit Gojira, blasts were created by wire rigged charges (Ryfle 1998). Comparing this to a similar scene in the 1998 movie, instead of tanks, CG Apache attack helicopters were used. Tracer fire, blasts including debris and smoke from the damage were all entirely computer generated. In addition of the rain and lighting effects which included the volumetric searchlights, RenderMan shaders were developed solely for the wet look of the helicopter. However, at the shot when Godzilla decides to lash out at the attacking military helicopters, a miniature was used. With creative ingenuity, a 1/8 scale model was made loaded with pyrotechnics and detonated (Martin 1998). 4.2| Atmosphere | To create the perfect terrorising atmosphere, Gojira (1954) was shot using a low-key lighting effect (Biodrowski 2007). This is because Low key lighting would create a darker toned picture with contrasting bright contours which is more suitable for dramatic shots. The grainy cinematography would also feed an extra punch to the eerie effect throughout the film (Ryfle et al. 2007). With the advancements in technology, analogue methods would be often replaced by colour grading and compositing. In Godzilla (1998), instead of using a low-key effect to give the dramatic shots, the environment was given a CG rain touch up. This was a complicated scene where many effects animations were applied. Not only was computer generated imagery used, acquisition footage was also being recorded for the environments. From rain to shattering windows, these footages would later be composited at different scales to tie up the scene together with the CG Godzilla (Martin 1998). Lighting was a key element in creating the perfect environment. Real lights from orange and bluish street lamps had to be reflected onto the CG Godzilla. Due to location shots where real lights were aimed at buildings when Godzilla was supposed to be in the foreground, artists had to rotoscope out the real lights and animate the CG ones. More complications had arisen when Godzilla rampaged and took out the real street lamps. Firstly, lights from the real lamps had to be rotoscoped out. A CG lamp would then be created and animated to flip or be destroyed (Martin 1998). Although this entire sequence would seem small compared to the main character, it made the scene look believable. Another small detail to add on is the stationary cars from the live action footage that underwent rotoscoping when Godzilla stomped past them. Compositing artists had to create rotoscope mattes for the vehicles and animate their bounce by hand. The add-on of the camera shake at post-production level also helped with the realism (Martin 1998). 5| The Conclusion| In my chosen scenes which depict the destructions from the streets of Tokyo to Manhattan, both Gojira and Godzilla held similar iconic symbolisms and metaphors. In the 1950s when Gojira was made, there were many underlying reasons for its creation. The focal point was the atomic bombs. Since Japan had directly experienced the impact of the bombs, it would have held a deep significance for them. To a certain extent, it was believed that without the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Gojira would not have surfaced. Gojiras rampage through Tokyo would serve as a reminder of the recent devastating nuclear attack on Japan to the survivors of the atomic bombs as well as to the rest of the Japanese. Gojira also created awareness on new nuclear weapon testing and how our interference with Mother Nature might one day prove apocalyptic and leave a trail of death and devastation. Today, in the modern world context where technological advances are ever improving and as well as relative peace, Godzilla (1998) still carries the same essence as it did 44 years ago. With the threat of existing nuclear weapons and even deforestation which leads to Global Warming, metaphorically, Godzilla still serves as a reminder and warning of an impending disaster if we do not change our ways. Iconically, Godzilla would be referred to as a present doomsday movie. From comparing the different special effects techniques that were used in 1954 to those used in 1998, one could see how the technology leap into the digital era made a big difference in improving film quality and the workflow efficiency of special effects artists. Even though gone were the days where analogue techniques such as filming in front of glass mattes were regarded as the modern methods of special effects, several analogue techniques are still considered relevant with the present world. The integration of both analogue and digital effects proved to be a success in creating a hyper-real Godzilla. With the age of computers and constant development on digital techniques and tools, no one knows what the future might hold for us as special effects artists. However, like all foundations of buildings, the journey of learning the history and methodology of analogue techniques should be deemed as equally important for future developments. 6| Bilbliography| BOOKS Aberly, R., 1998. The making of godzilla. London: Titan books. Kalat, D., 1997. A critical history and filmography of tohos godzilla series. 2nd ed. USA: Mcfarland and company, inc. Ragone, A., 2007. Eiji tsuburaya: masters of monsters. San Francisco: Chronicle books. Ryfle, S., 1998. Japans favourite mon-star: the unauthorised biography of the big g. Canada: ECW press. JOURNALS Martin, K., 1998. The sound and the fury. Cinefex, 74(3), 84-107. WEBSITES Faller, G., 2010. Tsuburaya, eiji. Available from: http://www.filmreference.com/Writers-and-Production-Artists-Ta-Vi/Tsuburaya-Eiji.html [Accessed 9 October 2010] Biodrowski, S., 2007. Gojira(1954)/Godzilla, king of the monsters(1954)-Film and DVD review. Available from: http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2007/11/godzilla-1954-film-dvd-review/ [Accessed 25th October 2010] Ryfle, S. and Goldstein, B., 2007. Godzilla 50th Anniversary Pressbook. Available from: http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2007/12/06/godzilla-50th-anniversary-pressbook/ [Accessed 1st October 2010] DVD Godziszewski, E., Ryfle, S. and Aiken, S., 2005. Godzilla. DVD. UK: British Film Institute. Godziszewski, E., 2005. Godzilla-Designing Godzilla featurette. DVD. UK: British Film Institute. VIDEO Godzilla, King of the Monsters, 1998. Video. UK: BBC Video.

From Baseball to Gymnastics :: Personal Narrative Sports Athletics Essays

From Baseball to Gymnastics Have you ever played baseball before? Is it just another sport to you? Well I have, and in the beginning it was just a sport to me. I remember as a young boy playing ball in the fields with only a few friends. Pretty much all we needed to play the game was a pitcher, a batter, and a fielder. The other players were mainly my brother Keith and a few neighbors around the block. Of course I was the youngest and the smallest, but this didn’t seem to bother them. We also played many other sports but baseball was my field of expertise. One summer, when I was eight years old, my mother came to me and asked how I felt about playing organized ball. At first I was unsure because I was used to my way of only three or more players, but not nine, on each team. Well the small amount of players we had was beginning to decrease. This was because the older guys were getting jobs and more importantly girlfriends. There wasn’t much else to do, so I decided to go for it, and joi n the league. This is what I wanted and I was going to be a pro someday. A few days later I went to register with my mom. She was so cool, because she did all the talking for me. I just hid behind her rear and listened, only peeking around timidly to see what I was up against. I wasn’t used to that many kids and was not about to talk to anyone, even though they were kids like me. I was shy that day but soon after began to open up. That was it, sign up was complete, and practice was just around the corner. My team the Toronto Blue Jays, had two weeks before our first game. During this time we had a chance to meet the coach and all the members of the team. We also had the opportunity of making fun of ourselves as we fumbled the ball around in a disorganized manner. Once again I had my doubts, but before long I gained friendships and a greater interest for organized Little League. I started off in the league as a Mustang, which was classified by age group.

Effects of Television on Children Essay

Introduction The television is a powerful force in our lives as it is inevitably present in almost 100% of human homes and in its offer of a light, relaxing entertainment is irresistible to many. Children as an audience are especially vulnerable to its harmful effects. With considerably less experience with various facets of life, children are more prone to take what television offers them for granted. This unquestioned absorption of ideas and morals often makes children passive recipients of â€Å"television ideology†, so to say, which often undermines their ability to act on their own and develop their own views of the world. They do not need to probe very deep since the answers to many things lie ready-made on the surface, given in television programs. Thus, television has some harmful effects on the youth, which in the first place depress independent judgement and activity. I agree with Gatto that modern children â€Å"have almost no curiosity, and what little they do have is transitory† (p.474). This can be overdrawn to some extent, however, it is certain that television depresses curiosity in children. This passivity stems from several reasons, among others, from the inherent passivity of the viewing process, brain-washing techniques abundant in TV programs, and effect of TV viewing on reduction in human interaction. Passivity Is Inherent in the Process Passivity is a characteristic trait of the television viewing process, something that stems from the very nature of this activity and shapes certain moral and mental qualities in viewers. Consider the very process of watching a telly as opposed to reading a book. Someone engaged in the viewing activity merely sits there flipping through the channels, inevitably reduced to the position of a passive chooser of a program to watch. Surely, there are choices, but my impression is that most TV programs are very much alike, and this lack of individuality prevents meaningful choice. One can surely dig in the TV program trying to do some research and identify the broadcasts that are really worth watching, but, frankly, how many people do it on a regular basis? After clicking through three or four programs a human mind inevitably gets tires and is relaxed to watch whatever program seems more suitable to tastes – a movie, a comedy show, or a news broadcast, often regardless of the quality. Now compare to the process of choosing a book or a video to watch. A person purchasing a book goes to either an online or bricks-and-mortar store to look up some items and make the final decision depending on the quality of the reading offered.   It takes time, effort, and commitment of some financial resources, even if these are small as compared to other expenses. Anyway, money and effort that go toward choosing a book are a strong incentive to make a meaningful choice, to question oneself: What will I gain from reading this stuff? Do I buy this one simply to while away the time? And this one to expand my knowledge about a certain subject? The same is true for video rentals: a person usually picks a movie since one has heard something about it, a neighbour recommends it, or the plot abstract seems gripping. TV, on the contrary, encourages passivity of choice and prevents active decisions on the part of the viewer. It is true to say that activity on the whole is a sign of superior intelligence, whereas passivity is typical of weak minds. In this sense, television as a medium perpetuates the weakness of viewers’ minds, turning them into passive on-lookers instead of active participants. I can refer to my personal observation of a four-year-old niece, Maggie, watching a TV program. She is too young to know how to switch channels and thus watches whatever the adults turn on for her. In fact, she is aware of how to switch, but she often forgets about it or is lazy to come up to the telly to change the program. The adults need to check constantly if they have not left something inappropriate for her to watch. Television as a Medium for Brain-Washing Modern children, as stated before, too often are left with television as the only medium to provide them with guidance for everyday situations. This is dangerous because here they are more likely to become victims to brainwashing techniques that in themselves encourage passivity. Surely brain-washing can take place in other media as well such as newspapers, magazines, Internet, and the like. However, here its impact is likely to be limited by the active choice of the reader – once again, people tend to go to sites they like and buy newspapers they prefer over others. Books require even more conscious choice, and thus are less likely to become instruments of brain-washing. Television that is often on, providing a background for habitual home activities, can let the message sink in without the individual even noticing it. Besides, images that unite words with movement and color are likely to have increased emotional influence, especially upon young children. Thus, sticking in front of the TV for hours leaves children exposed to norms and values TV staff wants to plant in them. This will take away the capability to make independent judgements, moral and intellectual independence that forms the basis for any freedom. A puppet cannot be free since there is often an invisible force that pulls the cords, much in the way TV advertising and programs make us believe their messages, presenting them in an alluring way. For example, I can already see how Maggie, my niece, already begins to show traces of consumerism she is about to accept as she grows older. She watches bright ads, then trying to talk her parents into buying a certain product. She even goes as far as try to influence their choice of a car to purchase. She once desperately wanted them to buy a Nissan because the commercial is so good. What is important to me is not that she becomes taken with a certain brand, but that she has already picked up the notion that things are very important and worth a lot of attention. This makes her more likely to spend time and effort in her adult life to gain more money and possibility to buy the desired thing. Intellectual passivity stemming from brain-washing will prevent her from questioning the assumptions she learned in her childhood. 3. Television Decreases Amount of Child-to-Child Interactions Television on the whole can also be called an interaction, but a very peculiar one. It evolves between the viewer and the production staff, in most general terms. The role of the viewer is limited, and although he or she may be intensely thinking about what is shown on the screen, the activity is relaxing because it does not call for an immediate response. On the contrary, human interaction demands from participants constant involvement and often calls for immediate action. In this sense, it is highly useful for kids as it helps them to develop their intellectual abilities, at least that part of their abilities that remains neglected by teachers and other educators – interpersonal skills. Talking and playing with other kids and adults, children learn a lot about human nature, but most importantly they learn how to deal with various personality types, what personality types there are, and develop strategies that will shape their interactions for the rest of their lives. Even the school environment, with its accumulation of children, is much more developing that passive sitting in a room with the telly on. A boy who faces the threat of a fight with older and stronger guys has to invent immediately what to do in order not to be beaten. Conflicts in particular stimulate a child’s intellectual development as they teach one to act on the spot. Gatto states that children on average watch TV fifty-five hours a week out of 168 total. This time can surely have been used for play with other children or communication with adult relatives. Recently I paid attention to the fact that today one can see very few children moving around, running along the streets. They seem to be stuck inside their homes, and it seems that the easiest pursuits for them there are either TV or computer. This means that most probably they feel isolated from other children, except for family members such as brothers and sisters. Siblings, however, cannot provide an adequate basis for development of communication skills in kids as family communication is surely different from ‘external’ interactions. Thus, in missing human communication, children can miss a chance to develop a part of their brains responsible for interpersonal skills. Human communication is perhaps the most challenging sphere of our activity that boggles representatives of such professions as managers, teachers and priests with years of experience. Thus, missing a chance to develop this sphere through lack of communication, children risk underdeveloping their overall cognitive abilities. Conclusion Television can clearly contribute to the development of intellectual curiosity in children if it is used wisely and in reasonable doses. Contemporary families often allow their children to overload themselves with the information stream from TV, which, as observations suggest, leads to intellectual passivity. Passivity stems from the very nature of the viewing process that depressed active choice involving the use of reason for decision-making. Heavy viewing leaves children’s minds open to brainwashing that can supply them with ready-made answers instead of stimulating the ability to seek for answers on their own. At the same time, replacement of direct interactions with TV watching deprives modern children of a chance to polish their communication skills, developing their cognitive abilities through interactions with others. Gatto, J.T. Why Schools Don’t Educate.

History of the Hula Hoop - Trivia and More

The hula hoop is an ancient invention; no modern company and no single inventor can claim that they invented the first hula hoop. In fact, the Ancient Greeks often used hooping as a form of exercise. Older hoops have been made from metal, bamboo, wood, grasses, and even vines. However, modern companies re-invented their own versions of the hula hoop using unusual materials, for example; plastic hula hoops with added bits of glitter and noisemakers, and hoops that are collapsible. Origins of the Name Hula Hoop Around 1300, hooping came to Great Britain, homemade versions of the toy became very popular. In the early 1800s, British sailors first witnessed hula dancing in the Hawaiian Islands. Hula dancing and hooping look somewhat similar and the name hula hoop came together. Wham-O Trademarks and Patents the Hula Hoop Richard Knerr and Arthur Spud Melin founded the Wham-O company, which helped popularize another ancient toy, the frisbee. Knerr and Melin started the Wham-O company from their Los Angeles garage in 1948. The men were marketing a slingshot originally invented for training pet falcons and hawks (it slung meat at the birds). This slingshot was named Wham-O because of the sound it made when it hit the target. Wham-O also became the companys name. Wham-O has become the most successful manufacturer of hula hoops in modern times. They trademarked the name Hula Hoop ® and started manufacturing the toy out of the new plastic Marlex in 1958. On May 13, 1959, Arthur Melin applied for a patent for his version of the hula hoop. He received U.S. Patent Number 3,079,728 on March 5, 1963, for a Hoop Toy. Twenty million Wham-O hula hoops sold for $1.98 in the first six months. Hula Hoop Trivia Japan once banned the hula hoop because the rotating hip action seems indecent.On June 4, 2005, Australian Kareena Oates set a Guinness world record for hula hooping — with 100 hoops for three full revolutions.101 hoops were spun by Alesya Goulevich of Belarus on June 11, 2006105 hoops were spun by Jin Linlin of China on October 28, 2007.The world record for the largest Hula Hoop (by circumference) spun was set by American Ashrita Furman at 51.5 feet on June 1, 2007.